Ebooks Solution Manuals and Test Banks for Text Books

Dear all, If u need anything from the list, do contact us anytime, we provide competitive prices and fast delivery after payment done. We are assisting students by providing them quality services regarding Solutions and Test Bank for courses. We hope that you people will like our service and get better grades. Please Contact us @ : solvedanswers@gmail.com solvedanswers@gmail.com Use CTRL + F to search the titles you looking for , if the title you searching is not in the list, do not worry, send us an email at solvedanswers@gmail.com and we shall try to provide you requested data. =============================================================== Jr. 12 Solution Manual  ¡Arriba! Comunicacià ³n y cultura Student Edition by†¦show more content†¦Hall 7 Test Bank Accounting Information Systems by James A. Hall 8 Solution Manual Accounting Information Systems by James A. Hall 8 Test Bank Accounting Information Systems by Romney 11 Solution Manual Accounting Information Systems by Romney 11 Test Bank Accounting Information Systems by Romney, Steinbart 12 Instructor’s Manual Accounting Information Systems by Romney, Steinbart 12 Solution Manual Accounting Information Systems by Romney, Steinbart 12 Test Bank Accounting Information Systems by Simkin, Strand Norman 12 Solution Manual Accounting Information Systems by Simkin, Strand Norman 12 Test Bank Accounting Information Systems The Crossroads of Accounting and IT by Donna Kay, Ali Ovlia Instructor’s Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems The Crossroads of Accounting and IT by Donna Kay, Ali Ovlia Test Bank Accounting Principles by Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso 10 Solution Manual (International Version) Accounting Principles by Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso 10 Test Bank (International Version) Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making by Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso 3 Solution Manual Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making by Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso 3 Test Bank Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making by Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso 4 Solution Manual Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making by Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso 4 Test Bank Accounting What Does the Numbers Mean by Marshall 9Show MoreRelatedFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 Pagesincluding, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN MHID 978-0-07-802536-5 0-07-802536-2 Vice president and editor-in-chief: Brent Gordon Publisher: Tim Vertovec Senior sponsoring editor: Dana L. Woo Executive directorRead MorePrinciples of Microeconomics Fifth Canadian Edition20085 Words   |  81 Pageswith an eye toward balancing efficiency and equity. Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions requireRead MorePrinciples of Information Security, 4th Ed. - Michael E. Whitman Chap 0118683 Words   |  75 PagesEdition Michael E. Whitman and Herbert J. Mattord Vice President Editorial, Career Education Training Solutions: Dave Garza Director of Learning Solutions: Matthew Kane Executive Editor: Steve Helba Managing Editor: Marah Bellegarde Product Manager: Natalie Pashoukos Development Editor: Lynne Raughley Editorial Assistant: Jennifer Wheaton Vice President Marketing, Career Education Training Solutions: Jennifer Ann Baker Marketi ng Director: Deborah S. Yarnell Senior Marketing Manager: Erin Coffin AssociateRead MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 Pagesstudents to understand their learning preferences and motivations for taking a course. Students in the Marketing Management course wanted an approach with core material and real-world cases to tie concepts together.    MARKETING SOLUTIONS DID WE DO IT? Develop learning solutions based on today’s students and validate through an iterative process to ensure the ideal product mix. MM2 features an integrated marketing management framework, exhibits, and cases. Based on feedback from students there are tear-outRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 Pagespractitioners and academics. These individuals are listed below. Name Angela Diamond Max Franchitto Craig Keary Mark Veyret Sharon Waterhouse Shumita Gujral Employer Diamond Communication Services MGF Consulting Group Westpac Institutional Bank PricewaterhouseCoopers St George Bank Kaplan Higher Education Position Director Management Adviser Business Analyst Head of Sales and Distribution, Executive Director Executive Director, Business Development and Marketing Head of Retail and Business Banking HunterRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesMarketing Communications Manager: Jessica Perry Project Manager, Editorial Production: Jennifer Risden Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: Vernon Boes Print Buyer: Karen Hunt Permissions Editor: Isabel Alves Production Service: Newgen–Austin Text Designer: Stuart Paterson Photo Researcher: Gretchen Miller Copy Editor: Nancy Dickson Illustrator: Jade Myers; Newgen–India Cover Designer: Stuart Paterson Cover Image: Paul Chesley/Getty Images Cover Printer: Courier Corporation/Kendallville Compositor:Read MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesaccess and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of PerfectBoundâ„ ¢. PerfectBound â„ ¢ and the PerfectBoundâ„ ¢ logo are trademarks of HarperCollins Publishers. Adobe Acrobat E-Book Reader editionRead MoreCommon Knowledge : How Companies Thrive by Sharing What They Know56617 Words   |  227 Pagestitle: author: publisher: isbn10 | asin: print isbn13: ebook isbn13: language: subject publication date: lcc: ddc: subject: Common Knowledge : How Companies Thrive By Sharing What They Know Dixon, Nancy M. Harvard Business School Press 0875849040 9780875849041 9780585258171 English Organizational learning, Business enterprises-Communication systems, Intellectual cooperation, Information networks--Economic aspects, Success in business. 2000 HD58.82.D585 2000eb 658.4/5 Organizational learning, BusinessRead MoreThe Role of Social Media in Customer Communication28631 Words   |  115 Pagesthe communication is directed to more than one person. (Kotler Keller 2006, 548, 551.) 14 Social media is a combination of content, user communities and social media technologies. Content is user-created and it has different kinds of forms (text, photos, videos, tags). Communities enable the social activities and communication between people either directly or indirectly through media objects. Social media technologies and applications enable creation and sharing of content in these communities

Birth Control Essay - 1297 Words

Since the technology of contraceptives has been invented, the use has become more popular, the rates of women receiving higher education has increased, and fertility rates have lowered. I am interested about how birth control has evolved, and the effects it has had on women socially and economically. The research begins before the 17th century; the primary purpose of contraceptives was to prevent disease, not pregnancy. During this time the Catholic Church in Europe does not recognize birth control aside from abstinence, causing citizens to break away from the church. By the 18th century doctors in France were educating men about birth control, and contraceptives were used there more than any other country. The dynamic of families in†¦show more content†¦The approved practice was abstinence because it prevented both premarital sex and unintended pregnancy. During the 18th century France became the most sexually open country in Europe. Doctors began educating men on forms of birth control, and the benefits of having smaller families. While this went against the rules of the church, citizens began to keeps the church and their personal agenda separate. Wealthy citizens chose to make a decision to have less children in order to keep either funds, it was the ability to feed fewer mouths, and not have to work as hard to keep their economic stature. France was using openly using birth control more than any other country in Europe. The wealthy women of France saw marriage as an inconvenience and often sought to move to bigger cities in order to receive an education, this is how the use of contraceptives was introduced into marriages. Men were primarily educated on the use of birth control, and would receive the education from their doctors. The methods included the optional abstinence, but also homeopathic herbs, home made cervical caps, a nd other barrier method that had existed before. In the United States by the 1800s the birth rate was higher than anywhere else in the world, and the average family has eight children. During the civil war birthrates began to drop significantly, and by the end of the 19th century the average family was having three children. DuringShow MoreRelatedBirth Control Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesMcadam English 3 April 16, 2013 Birth Control, Why be Frowned Upon? Birth control is a way to prevent your daughter from having a kid as a kid, not a statement telling her that it is okay to freely have sex. If you know and understand that your daughter is having sex, wouldn’t you want the peace of mind that she is being safe, and protected? There are several ways to take birth control, and the doctor will choose the best method for the patient. Birth control has a 99% protection rate whenRead More Birth Control Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pageshow to gain control over reproduction, in essence, how to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This is a challenge, even today, in an age of technological advancements, mass communication and education. However, through the years, the spread of information and awareness surrounding birth control has resulted in its increased availability and an improvement in the lives of both men and women. People are very clever and ingenious and have, throughout history, devised a variety of birth control methods. TheRead MoreBirth Control Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesBirth Control Birth Control is defined as various ways used to prevent pregnancy from occurring. Birth Control has been a concern for humans for thousands of years. The first contraception devices were mechanical barriers in the vagina that prevented the male sperm from fertilizing the female egg. Other methods of birth control that were used in the vagina were sea sponges, mixtures of crocodile dung and honey, quinine, rock salt and alum. Birth Control was of interest for a long time, butRead MoreEssay On Birth Control1108 Words   |  5 PagesBirth control is a form of contraception that helps control fertility and allows women to decide whether they would like to have a baby or not. The product was first introduced by Margaret Sanger in 1914 she coined the term â€Å"birth control† and opened a clinic in Brownsville, Brooklynn, making it what we now know today as Planned Parenthood. There are many forms of birth control such as the implant, shot, pills, IUD, condoms, and many more metho ds. They help with regulating period flow, acne, weightRead MoreEssay on Birth Control 1960 Words   |  8 Pagesfor Disease Control conducted a study on contraceptive use; their findings concluded â€Å"four out of five women have used birth control pills† during one point of their lives (Basset). Birth control pills have been around for over six decades, and their popularity has significantly increased during the past decade. Thousands of sexually-active women are turning to birth control pills as a way to prevent unplanned pregnancy, regulate periods, and to control acne. Nonetheless, birth control pills are syntheticRead MoreEssay On Birth Control1824 Words   |  8 Pagesto make birth control widely available so that women could limit the size of their families. She introduced the idea that birth control was vital to the well-being of women and their families. On the other hand, some people thought that it was an immoral affront to God. Birth control is important to th e achievement of womens rights. With the help of Margaret Sanger and her leadership skills, birth control is used to demonstrate female rights, control family sizes, and prevent the births of unwantedRead MoreBirth Control and the Government Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesparticular point of debate is the topic of birth control and the government. A dangerous couple, it raises the question of who should have control over contraceptive laws and what controls involving them should be put in place? Currently, under the Obama Administration, the Affordable Care Act and â€Å"Obamacare† have been created. One of the sections of this new plan creates a mandate which requires private businesses to provide insurance that covers birth control costs. The government should not be ableRead MoreBirth Control Rights Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesArguing Birth Control Rights: Should Women have the Right to Birth Control? Birth control helps to control your menstrual cycle and helps prevent pregnancies all over the world, in women lives. 98% women in the world are taking birth control or have taken birth control throughout their life time. On October 6, 2017 Trump Administration released a new rule stating that any employer with religious or moral objections to refuse to comply with the Affordable Care Act requirement. The corresponding ruleRead MoreThe Birth Control Movement Essay example1442 Words   |  6 Pagesunregulated policies, the most prominent of these, the birth control movement. The documents from chapter six of Constructing the American Past show that at its core, the birth control debate was a multifaceted social dispute with, religious political and racial influences. Margaret Sanger’s monthly publication The Woman Rebel released its first issue in 1914, creating a nationwide dispute concerning the publication and distribution of birth control devices. However, Sanger’s initial goal went beyondRead MoreBirth Control Persuasive Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesmessage is sent through regulation and poor modifications to progressive mandates such as Trump’s recent adjustments to the Affordable Care Act. These ‘adjustments’ or ‘new rules’ intend to provide an ‘out’ for employers who object to providing birth control coverage through their insurance policies. Employers now have the right to deny this coverage due to moral and/or religious reasons, but no documentation of this is required to opt out. This simple rule puts approximately 55 million women, currently

Pricing Channels free essay sample

The classroom environment will be very interactive, so prepare to get involved. Students come from a variety of backgrounds with a large and diverse base of knowledge and experience. Therefore, the primary role of the professor will be to facilitate discussions that bring out pertinent issues and o better frame the analyses of these issues. Required materials Case Packet: The case packet is available through www. Study. Net. Instructions to get materials from study-net are included in the last page of this syllabus, before the course schedule.Pricing Simulation Universal Rental Car Harvard Business School: Sign up instructions will be provided to you in early October. It will cost $12. 50. There will be a practice round available from Novo. 4-9. The official round will run from Novo. 10-15. Other Readings: A number of readings for this class are available in full text (usually PDF) from Business Source Complete. For these articles, go to http:// www. It works best if you put the title of the article in quotes. If you get a yellow box that says Find it at UT, click on the box and follow the links that have full text. Other Materials: Other materials, such as study questions for case studies, grading sheets, and lecture slides are available on Blackboard. Paperless Assignments: All assignments are to be submitted electronically rather than in hard copy and no later than 5 minutes prior to the start of class. Please send them directly to Dr. Mackie through Outlook as e-mail attachments using the following file name convention on the attachments themselves: File Name Convention [Class time]_[Your Last Name and First Initial_[Assignment name] Example: 930_SmithJ_Problem Set Example: 930_SmithJ_Brief_Case name Example: 930_TeamName_RtM Assignment Grading Blind Grading: MBA-student teaching assistants do the first round of grading on many assignments. Therefore all papers in this course are blind graded. Therefore: (a) Please do not submit assignments directly to the TA; and (b) Place your name *only* in the file name of the attachment.

Privacy and Homeland Security

Introduction Privacy of individuals is an issue of concern. This confidentiality is guaranteed under the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 USC 552a. Provisions of privacy of citizens guarantee every individual that his or her personal identification information should not be collected without legal authority.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Privacy and Homeland Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) along with policies and technology, are violating people’s right to privacy. The information collected about an individual by the federal government and its authorities should only be done with legal authorization. The Department of Homeland Security has gone ahead to maintain this information in a way that allows its access by unauthorized persons, groups, or institutions. In the common law, any person who is aggrieved by one who illegally intrudes into his o r her privacy discloses any personal information, or does false publication about people’s names can initiate a lawsuit. No one should be compelled to give his or her private information unless under the authority of the law in case of investigations. The Department of Homeland Security is charged with the responsibility of providing mechanisms to ensure security to all Americans. However, the need to ensure intelligence makes the department endeavor to collect personal information in diverse ways. As various agencies of the DHS collect information, privacy Acts require the department to provide that there is authority, purpose, routine, and disclosure regulation. There have been controversies about the way Homeland Security officers collect information from citizens. Various quarters have risen complains that the department collects Personally Identifiable Information (PII) without legal authority. The department has also been accused of illegal disclosure of personal inform ation. Therefore, this research proves that if privacy is subverted, with the DHS practices continuing to be under the umbrella of safety, civil rights will continue to diminish until they are non-existent. To support this thesis statement, the report will rely highly on the Privacy Act of 1974, the US Constitution, the Patriot Act, the National Defense Authorization Act, department policies and memorandums, scholarly journals and law reviews, E-Government Act of 2002, and the Federal Records Act among others. The findings will be useful in enhancing the application of contract laws since they reveal the instances when Personally Identifiable Information (PII) can be collected, revealed, or shared.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Questions This paper seeks to address the following questions: Why is the Department of Homeland Security violating citizens†™ constitutional rights in exchange for protection? Should the willingness to provide personally identifiable information (PII) be voluntary or mandatory by law? Hypothesis Based on the above research questions that have been raised on matters of privacy and homeland security, the paper hypothesizes that the United States citizens are willing to give up their right to privacy in the name of security. The willingness to provide personally identifiable information (PII) should be made voluntary by amending various US Acts on confidentiality. Review of Literature There is a wide range of theoretical and conceptual literature on the issue of privacy and homeland security. The security of the federation of the United States of America is the most critical issue on matters of national interest. The conceptual framework derives its force from the fourth amendment, which gives people the right to be free of any unwarranted search as Marc reveals1. Also, the fourteenth amendment gives th em the right to due process. According to Jacob, â€Å"the Harvard Law Review of 1890 provided the theoretical basis of the right  to privacy†2, which has been cited by many books and courts. Several former presidents of the United States of America have been assassinated in the past. Moreover, the September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center by terrorists caught the country off guard. Since the September 11 attack, the homeland security has intensified its security plans, as addressed in the National Defense Authorization Act.  According to William, the need to ensure the privacy of citizens resulted in the â€Å"formation of the privacy office in the Department of Homeland Security†3. Under the Privacy Act of 1974, the Department of Homeland Security is charged with the responsibility of protecting the privacy of all Americans. However, transparency in the Department of Homeland Security is also guaranteed under various Acts. William notes that transparency re gulates the adoption of different privacy rules in planning matters of security4. It also ensures that the technology adopted by various institutions, including the Department of Homeland Security, adheres to privacy regulations. The need for transparency recommends the Department of Homeland Security take fair information Practice principles (FIPPs) in its endeavor to ensure the privacy of citizens. The federal laws should also regulate the purpose for which personally identifiable information is to be obtained. Officers of the departments are restricted by the Privacy Act of 1974 from obtaining Personally Identifiable Information from citizens without the right authorization. However, the issue of security threats in the US has forced many Americans to give out much of their personal and/or private information in the name of securing themselves. This Act has tampered with their civil liberty. Civil liberty violations and privacy issues are emerging. One of the significant problems in matters of privacy is authorization. Paul and Daniel affirm that officers from the homeland security agencies that collect PII must have the right legal authority to carry out the duty5. Article 2 (10) of the Montana constitution directs that unauthorized persons cannot obtain personally identifiable information from any citizen in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Privacy and Homeland Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Officers from various defense bureaus must be authorized to obtain private information. Not all officers are allowed to collect personally identifiable information. However, many of them from multiple agencies within the DHS misuse their powers to violate the privacy rights by fostering relationships with the business sector and local law enforcement, as well as, using technology to invade people’s personal lives. They do not obtain executive order befo re carrying out duties related to matters of privacy. The Privacy Act 5 USC 552a protects every citizen under investigation by the homeland security by ensuring that all information that such security officers may obtain from him or her is used only for the legally authorized purpose. Besides, homeland security is restricted by the same Act to get only the necessary and related information. Elizabeth asserts that the need to ensure security and intelligence information should not be a reason to push people into giving out all their details6. Homeland security regulations on how to obtain information are spelled out in the Privacy Act of 1974, for example, the Privacy Act 1974, 5 USC, 552a (e) (3). All investigative bodies and agencies that seek intelligence information from various individuals are required by law to provide such individuals with the Privacy Act Statement. Collection of PII from an individual without his or her consent and/or the provision of the Privacy Act Statemen t is considered illegal. In fact, even when the homeland security wants to collect information for other purposes other than for storage, the Privacy Act statement must be issued to the respondent. The need to obtain such documents like the Privacy Act Statement has made many security agencies associate the regulations with obstacles towards speedy and free access to intelligence information. According to Jacob, many quarters of homeland security argue that homeland security officers should be allowed to access personal information from any individual without warning or consent7. The debate behind this school of thought is that as the security officers prepare the documents and/or issue them to the alleged criminals, the criminals are able to escape or adjust the information, hence tampering with the justice process. Privacy Acts have, therefore, been associated with obstruction of intelligence in the federation.  Another essential aspect of matters of privacy and homeland securit y is the storage of PII by the authorities in the name of security. The privacy Act regulates the disclosure of personal information by homeland security to other individuals or organizations.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to William, personally identifiable information is supposed to be guarded in the best way possible to ensure that no unauthorized person is able to access it and that no wrong reasons, for instance, giving up some of the Americans’ rights in order to be safe and/or prevent another 9/118. Storage and routine management of information are also regulated by the Privacy Act. Not every person who works in homeland security can be trusted with private information. The persons on whom privacy information can be disclosed is also regulated by statutes such as Shine the Light Law (2005) SB 27 and CA Civil Code 1798.83). Such persons are adjusted based on whether they are within the homeland security department and/or the purpose for which they intend to use the information. The purpose of collecting personally identifiable information is also regulated by the Privacy Act of 1974. Authorization statements that are issued to various security officers are not issued without a c rucial purpose. Before authorization to obtain private information is issued by the homeland security, the Department of Homeland Security ensures that it can be able to cite factual leads that warrant investigation of a particular individual. The purpose for which personally identifiable information is obtained must also be made known to the Americans from whom the information is obtained. According to William, â€Å"Article 1, 1 CA SB 1386 of the California law provides that privacy is one of the inalienable rights†9. Therefore, information obtained must not be used for other purposes other than that which was disclosed to the person at the point of receiving it. The Act also regulates that PII information stored in the homeland security database should be deleted immediately after its use is over. However, one would wonder why the issue of security in the US should be used as a basis to lure Americans into unveiling that which they should keep sealed. Paul and Daniel affir m that proper disclosure of personally identifiable information should be carried out to avoid releasing it to unauthorized persons10. The ‘Shine the Light’ Law (2005) SB 27, CA Civil Code 1798.83 regulates the disclosure of any private information. Disclosure of personally identifiable information is another issue with privacy and homeland security. Should disclosure of PII be voluntary or mandatory? The Privacy Act of 1974 directs that private information should be obtained in a deliberate manner. However, the Act gives exceptions that disclosure can be mandatory. A duty to provide information is imposed by the federal statute. Elizabeth asserts that compulsory disclosure of information can also be warranted by an order from the executive11. In addition, the US Constitution and the Patriot Acts also warrant for mandatory disclosure of information by an individual. Moreover, persons who are required by various statutes to disclose information are liable for punishment by law if they fail to provide such information. Persons who refuse to offer information that is much required by homeland security are denied some of the privileges and benefits guaranteed by the US constitution. I  t is out of such clauses in the Privacy Act that the human rights organizations and human rights activists in America have raised protests. The claim is that obtaining information from any individual through forceful means contravenes the bill of rights. Elizabeth asserts that proper use of the privacy statutes will be of importance to the contract law12. It will be possible to prevent intrusion of solitude and misuse of powers to intrude into Americans’ private details in the name of heightening their security. Article 2 (10) of the Montana constitution guarantees the right to personal privacy. Privacy laws will ensure that no agency will be allowed to force its way to another in terms of electronics or even physically. It will also be illegal for homeland sec urity to disclose a private fact. Currently, there have been arguments around disclosure of truthful facts about a person. Methodology The research will adopt a descriptive survey method. The study will rely on first-hand data that will be collected through direct interviews on a representative sample of security officers, legal officers, and citizens. An example of 100 security officers from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 50 judicial officers practicing in various states of the United States, and 100 citizens of the United States will be used. 250 people will be taken as a good representative sample from the whole population involved in matters of privacy and homeland security. The interviews will be conducted by issuing a questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. The resultant data will then be coded and presented in the form of tables and analyzed in graphs. Data Presentation Table 1.0 Ways in which Homeland Security interferes with privacy in America Stakeholders in privacy and homeland security/Factor of privacy Security officers (out of 100) Percentage Legal officers (out of 50) Percentage Citizens (out of 100) Percentage Unauthorized access to PII 54 54% 40 80% 88 88% Unexplained Purpose of PII 88 88% 46 92% 90 90% Illegal disclosure of PII 40 40% 24 48% 30 30% Mandatory provision of PII 60 60% 45 90% 88% 88% Graph 1.0 Table 1.0 Ways in which Homeland Security interferes with privacy in America Analysis Table 1.0 indicates various ways in which homeland security interferes with privacy in the name of securing the Americans’ life. From table 1.0, security officers rated access to personally identifiable information without legal authorization at 54%, 80% by licensed practitioners, and 88% by ordinary citizens. The indication is that security officers who thought that the privacy of individuals was interfered with were the least while most of the citizens believed that unauthorized way of obtaining PII prof oundly interfered with their privacy. In the same way, 80% of legal practitioners were for the same idea. A staggering 88% of the citizens who are the primary victims of a violation of privacy thought that the police threatened their security without authorization in the name of securing them. The implication is that homeland security officers do not obtain legal authority in most cases before intruding into individuals’ privacy by collecting personally identifiable information. Graph 1.0 also shows that homeland security violates privacy laws by carrying out unexplained purpose searches. Both table 1.0 and figure 1.0 indicate that 88% of the homeland security officers, 92% of the legal officers, and 90% of the ordinary citizens responded that security officers did not explain the purpose of the personally identifiable information that they obtained from the citizens. An average of 90% of the population sample that the research adopted believed that homeland security violated the Privacy Act of 1974 by obtaining Personally Identifiable Information without explaining its purpose to the suspects. All respondents rated violation of privacy through unexplained investigations above average. Graph 1.0 further shows that 88% of security officers who carry out the investigations did not find importance in explaining the reason for inquiries to the suspect as William reveals13. Therefore, they violated the terms of the Privacy Act. A higher 90% of the ordinary citizens affirmed that homeland security officers violated their right to privacy through unexplained searches where they were required to provide personally identifiable information. From graph 1.0, the highest score of 92% was obtained from legal practitioners who responded that they had witnessed violation of privacy laws from officers who did not explain the purpose of investigation to the victims. able 1.0 also indicates that 40% of homeland security officers, 48% of legal officers, and 30% of the ord inary citizens believed that privacy rights in America were being violated by homeland security by disclosure of personally identifiable information. Graph 1.0 shows that all the ratings of privacy violation by homeland security through exposure were below average. In fact, the ordinary civilians rated it at a staggering 30%, with security officers rating it as low as 40% while lawyers rated it at 48%. The average rating of violation of privacy through disclosure was at 39%. We can interpret that violation of privacy rights through disclosure of PII was below average in America. From table 1.0, it is clear that 60% of the homeland security officers responded that privacy rights of American might have been violated in cases of mandatory provision of PII. 90% of the legal practitioners thought that the privacy of individuals was violated through the fundamental ways of obtaining PII. 88% of the civilians also responded that violation of privacy was enhanced through effective methods o f obtaining personally identifiable information. An average of 79% of the population believed that the mandatory provision of PII was one of the prominent ways of violating privacy in America. It is therefore clear from graph 1.0 that the privacy rights of American citizens are being violated through the mandatory provision of PII, which is provided for in the 1974 Privacy Act. The claim is that the violation is legal since it is provided for by the Privacy Act itself. It is therefore recommended that the Act be amended to abolish mandatory provision of PII, failure to which civilians will be punished by law. Table 2.0 Exchanging privacy with protection Opinion/stakeholder Yes Percentage No Percentage Indifferent Percentage Security officers (out of 100) 4 4% 92 92% 4 4% Legal officers (out of 50) 40 40% 50 50% 10 10% Ordinary citizens (out of 100) 20 20% 76 76% 4 4% Graph 2.0 Privacy and security: not interchangeable Table 2.0 and graph 2.0 verify the claims of whether security matters should be used as a basis of tampering with people’s privacy. From graph 2.0, we see that 4% of security officers, 40% of legal officers, and 20% of civilians (an average of 51%) believed that privacy should not be exchanged with security. Intimacy does not hinder the security apparatus from obtaining intelligence information. Therefore, Americans should not give out their details in exchange for security. This may be attributed to the fact that unless the security apparatus obtains authorization to obtain PII, they should not investigate a suspect. The time taken to get approval does not interfere with the quality of evidence that the intelligence can gather, hence refuting the claim that lack of some private details obstructs security intelligence. Approval by an average of 51% of the population can be interpreted that privacy laws do not obstruct the process of obtaining intelligence security information. Therefore, officers should not just abuse their ma ndates by interfering with the privacy of people by seeking unnecessary personal details. Moreover, graph 2.0 shows that 92% of security officers, 50% of legal practitioners, and 76% of civilians were opposed to the idea of obstruction of security by privacy laws. An average of 43% of the population did not believe that privacy hinders security. We can deduce that there was no considerable obstruction of security by privacy laws since the rating under this question was below average. Another 4% of security officers, 10% of legal officers, and 4% of civilians were indifferent of the issue of privacy and homeland security. This was an average of 5% of the population. Conclusion The research was set to investigate the issue of privacy and homeland security. The research hypothesized that the DHS uses and/or abuses policies and technology to invade peoples’ private lives and personal privacy. Through primary research, the researchers realized that there was considerable truth in this hypothesis since the above average population in America affirmed this idea. As such, the willingness to provide personally identifiable information (PII) should be made voluntary by the amendment of various Acts on privacy. The research also upheld the hypothesis since the analysis of data indicated that the current Privacy Act of 1974 allowed violation of privacy under the disguise of mandatory provision of information. The fact that an officer had authorization allowed him or her to use punishment and deprivation of rights and privileges to obtain PII from a civilian. The research, therefore, concludes that the Act should be amended to embrace full privacy under the first amendment and the 19th amendment of the American law, which positions privacy as an inalienable human right. References Elizabeth Uzelae, Reviving the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, 107 Northwestern University L. Rev. 1437 (2013). Jacob Strahilevitz, Toward A Positive Theory of Privacy Law, 126 Harvard L. Rev. 2010 (2013). Marc Blitz, The Fourth Amendment Future of Public Surveillance: Remote Recording and other searches in Public Space, 21 American University L. Rev. 63 (2013). Paul Schwartz, and Daniel Solove, The PII Problem: Privacy and A New Concept of Personally Identifiable Information, 86 New York University L. Rev. 1814 (2011). William Mitchell, National Security: Part I: Five Questions on National Security Law: Responses to the Five Questions, 38 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 1564 (2012). William Prosser, Privacy, 48 California L. Rev. 383 (1960). Footnotes 1 Marc Blitz, The Fourth Amendment Future of Public Surveillance: Remote Recording and other searches in Public Space, 21 American University L. Rev. 63 (2013) 2 Jacob Strahilevitz, Toward A Positive Theory of Privacy Law, 126 Harvard L. Rev. 2010 (2013), 2010 3 William Prosser, Privacy, 48 California L. Rev. 383 (1960), 383 4 Ibid, 383 5 Paul Schwartz, and Daniel Solove, The PII Problem: Privacy and A New Concept of Personally I dentifiable Information, 86 New York University L. Rev. 1814 (2011), 1814 6 Elizabeth Uzelae, Reviving the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, 107 Northwestern University L. Rev. 1437 (2013), 1437 7 Jacob Strahilevitz, Toward A Positive Theory of Privacy Law, 126 Harvard L. Rev. 2010 (2013), 2010 8 William Prosser, Privacy, 48 California L. Rev. 383 (1960), 383 9 William Prosser, Privacy, 48 California L. Rev. 383 (1960), 383 10 Paul Schwartz, and Daniel Solove, The PII Problem: Privacy and A New Concept of Personally Identifiable Information, 86 New York University L. Rev. 1814 (2011), 1814 11 Elizabeth Uzelae, Reviving the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, 107 Northwestern University L. Rev. 1437 (2013) 12 Elizabeth Uzelae, Reviving the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, 107 Northwestern University L. Rev. 1437 (2013), 1437 13 William Mitchell, National Security: Part I: Five Questions on National Security Law: Responses to the Five Questions, 38 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 1564 (2012) This research paper on Privacy and Homeland Security was written and submitted by user GhostRider to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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